youth challenges
Fr. Anjalus
INTRODUCTION
Problems which
the youth are facing today are very different from the problems that were faced
by the youth of the past. Obviously – different times, different conditions,
different youth. Problems the youth has
today are very different. Today they are not hungry, mostly they come from the
environment which is quite pleasant to them. They have a roof above their
heads. I mean to say that they have better facilities today than earlier.
Today’s youth face the challenges and the problems at deferent level. In this
paper I have tried to highlight some of the major challenges and problems which
today’s youth face generally. I have also placed some of the means and ways to
face and to overcome the challenges and problems.
In the
first chapter I have given a brief outlook on, who is youth, categories of
youth, what image the youth have in the society and what is their role in the
society as a youth. In the second chapter I have highlighted the major
challenges and problems and its causes. I have divided it into three major
categories; Psychological, sociological and the problems with regard to their
faith. In the third chapter I have responded to the challenges and the
problems, how one can face the challenges and how the other can help the person
to face the problems.
It can be justly said
that this age is the most difficult part of life and each and every one of us
might have faced these most common problems as we pass through, at this phase
of life. I want to say
that in spite of everything that I have written I know a lot of young people,
who are truly intelligent, are looking a way out from all the problems I have
described. However, I hope this paper will be helpful to those who are stuck in
the middle of all those problems. We are
also a part of them and I feel we too have greater role to play in helping and
guiding youth and help them to grow as a healthy and mature person in life.
CHAPTER
I
YOUTH
IN THE SOCIETY
This chapter deals about the youth
at deferent levels; Definition and various understanding of youth, who is
youth, deferent categories of youth. Particularly in the context of
Chchottanagpur, Jharkhand. Since this paper is mainly focused on youth of Chchottanagpur.
This chapter also presents the image of youth in the society and their role in
the society as youth.
Who is Youth?
Youth is one of the parts of the
population which is open to experimentation; it has brought forth so many new
career options which were seen only in dreams till sometime ago. They are
entertainers and comedians who talk about things which instantly become a
stimulus, they are players who bring pride and fame to the country, they act,
and they sing and make things happen. They are everywhere; every corner of the
world, their reach is phenomenal. Indian Chchottanagpur youth make sure they
are heard or seen and they make the best of it.
Youth is the new definition of the
changing times. Today’s youth is full of spark; it burns everything it touches.
They are not fixed; they make mistakes and learn from them. They have the
courage which is extraordinary; they are dynamic, and they have written their
destiny themselves. They can bring social, political, religious, economic
development in the change in the society and to the nation. They have the
potency as a seed to become a big tree but it needs to be taken care well as
they grow so that they grow health and matured way and that will bear good
fruit in the future (Mahta, 1971).
Various Understanding of Youth
There are various points and ways to
understand youth. These are some of the areas which give better understanding
of youth.
Youth From the Terminological Point of View
The English terms “Youth” can
be referred to as the time of life when one is young. This involves childhood,
and the time of life which is neither childhood nor adulthood, but rather
somewhere in between. Youth also identifies a particular
mindset of attitude, as in "He is very youthful". For
certain uses, such as employment statistics, the term also sometimes refers to
individuals from the ages of 14 to 21. However, the term adolescence refers
to a specific age range during a specific developmental period in a person's
life, unlike youth which is a socially constructed category.
Chronological
Understanding Youth is the time of life when
one is young, but often it means the time between childhood and adulthood. It is also
defined as the appearance, freshness, vigor, spirit, etc., characteristic of
one who is young. It’s definitions of a specific age range varies, as youth is
not only defined chronologically as a stage that can be tied to specific
age ranges; nor can its end point be linked to specific activities, such as
taking unpaid-work etc.
Youth
is an experience that may shape an individual's level of dependency, which can
be marked in various ways according to different cultural perspectives.
Personal experience is marked by an individual's cultural norms or traditions,
while a youth's level of dependency means the extent to which he still relies
on his family emotionally and economically. (Francais, What do you mean by
youth)
Youth as a Transitional Period
Youth is best understood as a period of transition from the
dependence of childhood to adulthood’s independence. That’s why, as a category,
youth is more flowing than other fixed age-groups. Yet, age is the easiest way
to define this group, particularly in relation to education and employment,
because ‘youth’ is often referred to a person between the ages of leaving
compulsory education, and finding their first job. (Youth 2018)
What Does the United Nations Mean by
‘Youth’?
The United Nations, for statistical purposes, defines
‘youth’, as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 years, without
prejudice to other definitions by member states. (Youth-definition, 2013)
Youth as Particular Period of Life
Youth is a period characterized by a time of indecision, despair, and doubt especially in
instances where they are not mentally conditioned and physically prepared to
cope with the changes taking place in and around them. On the individual level,
youth is a time when social roots are uncertain and personal identity
vulnerable; youth can also be the most constructive and rewarding period of
one’s life. (Aril, James 1995)
Category
of Youth
This
categorization of the youth is based on the satiation of the youth in
Chchottanagpur at present the state of Jharkhand. There are various tribes and
the cultural groups. There are also youth group who are in rural setup and
urban setup. On this basis we can put
youth under these major categories;
Ethnic Origin
There are 32 scheduled tribes and hundreds of other
communities with their distinctive customs, cultures, and values. Such
diversities require customized initiatives to meet the needs of youth. Honesty, simplicity, interest in sports and
cultural activity and love for culture and values makes them deferent form
others.
Over one quarter of the youth population in the state belongs
to the tribal communities. They have a close association with nature,
hardworking lifestyle, distinct and wholesome cultural practices and love of
sports and games. Most of them reside in rural areas, some in very remote
areas. The tribal youth today is disappointed due to lack of basic facilities of
life, unavailability of livelihood opportunities, and long and continuing
tradition of exploitation. The literacy level among tribal youth is quite low
in comparison to average literacy in the state. Especially among tribal women
it is as low as 10% in some parts of the state. The major reason behind low
literacy among women is high dropout rate of tribal girls. The illiteracy and
low awareness among them make them more vulnerable towards various problems
like, malnutrition, poor health status, superstitions etc.
The Primitive Tribal Groups (PTG)
The primitive Tribal Groups have a population of 1,92,425.
Approximately 70% of PTG families belong to below poverty line. The literacy
rate in the state is 54.6% but literacy among PTGs is merely 16.87%. PTGs are
prone to malnutrition, malaria, TB and the like and face the threat of
destruction. Lack of basic facilities, non-availability of livelihood
opportunities and long history of exploitation have disillusioned the tribal
youth. They are head working group they work hard for their livelihood and
because of the cultural setup at very early age learn to take up the
responsibilities as youth or an adult.
Religion
As per the 2011 census, Hinduism is the majority religion in the
state of Jharkhand at 67.8%, followed by Islam at 14.5%
and Christianity at 4.3%. Other
religions, primarily Sarnaism, constitute 12.8% of the population.
Socio-Economic Situation
The overall socio-economic and cultural scenario we can put
it into two categories. There are people in the villages or in rural setup
suffer from lack of resources for their livelihood apart from agriculture. On
the other hand those are in urban setup they get ample of opportunities for
their development. Here we can see the vast gap between these two category of
groups. So we can put them under these two titles, Haves and have not.
Haves
This category of youth belongs to section of the society who
has sufficient resource to access the good education, and the other basic
needs. Urban youth basically come
under this category those have easy access to various facilities in life for
the better life and the better future.
Have-nots
This category of youth comes from the backward section to the
society, who struggle to come up in life. The large numbers of youth fall under
this category. They cannot afford good
education and other basic needs. This status in the state indicates the
backwardness of the larger populace. There is a mutually beneficial
relationship between the larger development and the youth development. The
development of state and nation and youth development are the two
interdependent aspects and needs to be addressed in a holistic manner. The proposed
policy suggests a comprehensive approach of overall development of the youth
for the socio-economic and cultural transformation of state and nation. (Jharkhand
youth policy 2007)
Image
of Youth in the Society
Different society has a different understanding of the
youth. There are various factors which
play an important role in understanding the youth, social, economical, and
political environment which are the major factors by which a youth of the
society is being analyzed. We have to take account of the fact that particular
societies give their own shape to the adolescent task. So if we want to
understand the young people in them. We cannot know youth anywhere without a
sustained effort to appreciate the social environment with which they are
constantly and vitally interacting.
Youth constitutes the largest segment of the population of
India and Jharkhand. Youth being the primary productive human resource the
socio-economic development of youth contributes directly to the development
process. It is, therefore, necessary to make youth the principle focus of
developmental endeavors of society.
Effective Agents of Social Change
Young people can be the most effective agents of social
change but we cannot at the same time deny the fact that the realities of the
day do not allow our youth to play this vital role. The youth of today we find
are having potential to be the heralds of a new social order, but on the other
hand are not in a position to effectively play this pioneering role. If we
genuinely desire to bring about quick and satisfying changes in the existing
social order our youth should be given the opportunity to spearhead this
change.
Youth are Back Bone of the Nation
Youth
are back bone to the nation. They can change the future of the society with
their well being and courageous behavior. Things have to change, with our
schools, with the older generation being good role models. Key role of youth in society is to renew,
refresh & maintain a civilization (Kumria, 1997).
Searchlight
on Youth
The
society at large holds two differing opinions. There are some who view this
confrontation as power –struggle in disguise. They are shocked at what they
consider to be signs of decay and disintegration and are prepared to go to any
lengths to stop this at any cost; their prestige is at stake, and they are
ready to place youth in the Dock.
There are others who
assert that society is on trial; they view this period of youth unrest
optimistically as a time of development. It is their belief that an insensitive
decadent society rife with corruption, double standards and double dealing is
responsible for the present state of affairs and the words of Martin Buber
reflect this point of view; youth are the megaphone of today’s crying out
against the in justice which most of us endure in silence.
The
youth, the future of the nation and the people who have the power and the
destiny to change the nation have certain responsibilities towards the country
too. The youth is often considered as the most powerful part of the population
and that is probably the most correct way to describe the youth. Today’s youth
will soon take over the country and change it for the better and the nation
will see a revolution.
The
responsibilities of the youth that we talk about are not only towards
themselves or their families but also towards the nation. The nation has been
anticipating the arrival of a generation which will change the way things are
understood and done in the country, for the better of course. The youth of
today, with its fresh ideas and opinions will soon bring about a change that
will change the way the world looks at India. (Simhadri, 1989)
Role
of Youth in the Society
Each age group in society has its
own role and this is important in many different ways. Young people are often
considered to represent the future as they bring new ideas and energy to add to
the pool of knowledge that currently exists. They can bring enthusiasm and
vitality which can lead to new discoveries and developments that can benefit
society or even the world at large. Although not the only drivers of social
change, young people are seen to be one the key drivers engendering change.
Whether this is inherent in the beliefs of young people or the hope for the
future is placed upon them by older generations is not clear. However, India is
changing and developing, and this affects the lives of the people living there
in varying degrees depending on their individual circumstances. Therefore,
there are many new opportunities becoming available that can provide very
different futures for today’s youth that were not available to previous
generations.
In Adapting and Possibly Even Reshaping Social
Norms
The youth’s role in society is to
find out who they want to be and how they want to form that identity. The youth
also play an essential role in adapting to and possibly even reshaping social
norms. The youth’s role in society is to appreciate the works of those who have
labored tirelessly before them and to mentor and to teach the young. Ultimately
the youth are to share with the society what they have learned about themselves
and the world. The keywords are: explore, learn, appreciate, respect, give
back, share, and mentor.
To Create a Harmonious Society
Youth has a very important role to
play for society. For that we need to know why youth are so special. It is so
because they are young, full of energy and educated with rationality as their
ultimate belief. Now their role in society.
Reproduce: reproduction here does not mean
increasing the population but it means that they full fill the position left by
the elder. Son takes up the position of father in a business.
Protection: Youth are expected to protect their
culture and tradition, at the same time makes it better and embrace changes in
the society. For instance it is youth only who becomes a part of political
movement for a major change in a country. They becomes a part of armed forces
too, to safeguard the freedom of people and so on
Growth: The growth of a country in all the
spheres, like Social, political, economic spheres mostly depend on youth. They,
with a fresh energy can perform better and ensure the growth of society and at
large the nation and take up at another level.
There are many other roles of youth
in the society. They are like the leading character of a movie. Youth also need
to take care of old ones who are now going to be dependent.
To
Bring Joy in the Society
Youth’s role in society
is to bring joy to their parents, to listen, and to learn, so they can be the
caretakers of tomorrow.
Ø To
liven up the society with fresh youthful energy.
Ø To
further causes of the society.
Ø To
correct and protect from evils faced by the society.
Ø To
search and research new ways for the development of the society.
Ø To
train the kids, so that they become good youth.
Ø To
care for the aging elderly.
To Fight Against Corruption
The youth is said to have hot blood
and when it gets stirred up, they can fight any force whether it be corruption,
terrorism or the aliens. The youth wants the country to be happy and
prosperous, the fight against terrorism is still in the beginning stage but
soon it will overpower everything else. An Indian is sick of being the victim
all the time, the youth is now here to prove that the any individual can become
aggressive if poked for too long.
Role in Changing the Mentality
To change what you don’t like in the
country has always been the responsibility of the youth. We often come across
opinions which are absolutely not acceptable and thus, youth should take up the
responsibility of changing the mentality which has been continuing since
centuries and is pulling the country down. I am not saying that conservative is
bad, I am only saying that conservative which is a senseless, need to be
changed.
Role in Exploring New Avenues
The conventional idea of working only
in the fields which give you a good career and a high salary needs to be
trashed. The youth needs to help the nation to figure out the various ways to
use the talent and the potential it has. We cannot afford the talent to go to
waste and we need to start working on the career opportunities for the
unconventional talent right now.
Role in Taking the
Country Forward
The youth with its immense power and
talent can take India to the next level; it can make India prosperous,
developed and multi-faceted. The country can become a global superpower because
of the manpower and the potential it has to perform in every single field – technical
or creative. Soon we will see an outburst of talent which will guide the
progress of the country.
The
country, believe it or not, it is in awful need of a revolution and the hope we
have is the youth. With their vision and farsightedness, the youth can bring to
the plate not only changes, but freshness which the country could use to give
itself an image makeover. India is a young country and it needs to start acting
like one, we have a long way to go and we need to start working towards it
(Aril, (1995).
CHAPTER II
MAJOR PROBLEMS OF THE
YOUTH
In
the first chapter, various dimensions of youth are being dealt. Specifically, who is youth? Various
definitions and understandings of youth, image of youth in the society and its
significant role as a youth in the society. In the second chapter I like
highlight some of the problems and the challenges faced by the youth and causes
behind the problems and challenges. To have clear understanding I have
presented the challenges of youth under three major categories, Psychological,
sociological and the problems and challenges related to faith and
religion.
Major Psychological
Problems
Youth of present day are having several psychological
problems. Most often these problems are not their own creation and they are not
completely responsible for their problems. Even then they are often mistakenly
accused to the psychological defects visible in their life. Major psychological
problems found among the present day youth are the following:
Desire of Acceptance
Youth always like to attract others by their appearance and
various other means. They long to come forward and being recognized by others.
They love to be respected and being accepted in the group. A single or slight
event of avoiding will be great wound to their mind. In order to get attention
of the people they choose whatever means possible. This may cause again a kind
of depressive and negative feeling because people easily identify artificial
characters of youth especially the age group themselves.
Feeling of Isolation and Loneliness
One of the major problems found among the youth is that
they feel that they are alone. They wanted to be in company; but circumstances
and the feeling within them forces to be alone. This habit makes them moody and
sometimes even leads them either to depression or a kind of anti-social attitude. Feeling of isolation is more in girls
when compared to boys. The feeling of unwantedness is very much strong in them.
They like to watch television or other Medias rather than to relate with people
around them. They privatize their time in front of the visual media.
Inferiority Complexes
A lot of inferiority complexes can be seen among the youth
of today. They are not coming forward to the fore front of a dignified group.
They feel that they are not worthy. They have also the feeling that they are
sinners and anti-social. They think that they are not according to the
expectation of the society, their teachers and the parents.
Alcoholism and Drug Addiction
Youth are now a day’s very much prone to alcoholism and
drugs. They often act criminally or violently because they are under the
influence of drinks and drugs. It becomes really a problem in the life of the
youth. They are unhappy at their home, become week in their studies, a lot of
tension and anxiety is created in their mind.
Suicidal Tendencies
May be due to the over stress, study pressure and having
anxiety due to various reason they have also a tendency for suicide. For silly
reasons they like to end their life. Failures in the examinations and the love
failures are sufficient reasons for them to commit suicide. Sexually abused
ones had the suicidal tendencies earlier but nowadays researches show and it
seems that sexually abused is not a sufficient reason for suicide.
Emotional Imbalances
Modern youth are very much imbalanced in their emotional
life. Researches show that they are very high at their intelligence quotient
(IQ) rate but deep down at emotional intelligence (EQ)
levels. They don’t know how to take away strain and do not know how to face
with a risky moment. They are crooked enough but not prudent enough. Failures
of love affairs become common among the youth. Girls are easily trapped by the
boys for immoral sexual activities. Their life also more open to sex rackets
due to lack of emotional maturity and prudence.
Because of emotional maturity they became easy prey certain illegal
activities (Nelson, 2012)
Causes
behind the Psychological Problems
There are several issues and cause factors in the life of a
youth that creates psychological problems in his/her life. These problems are
caused not as mere occurrences of their youth hood; but are developed through
the different stages of his/her personality. Some of those causes are the
following:
Physical problems
Physical problems are one of the main causes that create
mental or psychological problems among the youth. Lack physical fitness affects
them negatively. Physiological problems are mainly caused by Poverty,
Malnutrition and Diseases.
Instead of improving upon the system to reduce the economic
differences between classes, if the society builds counteracting machinery to
curb the violence, it leads to nowhere. Poverty of the people affects the
psycho-social development of child.
All kinds of trans-generational and even the ordinary
diseases causes ill health among the youth and it severely affects the social
life and thereby the psychological maturity. Diseases caused by malnutrition
and the food habits affect very much the younger generations and they are very
much influenced by the cruel and wretched hands of it.
Parental Control
Types and patterns of parental controlling behavior and
their effects on children’s development have been the focus of considerable
research over the past several decades. Although specific labels vary,
researchers have consistently identified control in their conceptualizations of
salient parental behaviors. The several ways in which parental control of
children has been conceptualized and operational zed testifies to the
complexity of the construct. It is therefore not surprising that the empirical
evidence for the effects of parental control on children has often been
inconsistent or equivocal. There have been some attempts to integrate and
synthesize the various conceptualizations of control in order to bring clarity
to the construct and its effects on children’s development.
The
Influence of Media Violence
Research on violent television and films, video games, and
music reveals unequivocal evidence that media violence increases the likelihood
of aggressive and violent behavior in both immediate and long-term contexts.
The effects appear larger for milder than for more severe forms of aggression,
but the effects on severe forms of violence are also substantial when compared
with effects of other violence risk factors or medical effects deemed important
by the medical community. The evidence is clearest within the most extensively
researched domain, television and film violence. The growing body of video-game
research yields essentially the same conclusions. Recent surveys reveal an
extensive presence of violence in modern media. Furthermore, many children and
youth spend an inordinate amount of time consuming violent media. Although it
is clear that reducing exposure to media violence will reduce aggression and
violence, it is less clear what sorts of interventions will produce a reduction
in exposure.
The sparse research literature suggests that counter
attitudinal and parental-mediation interventions are likely to yield beneficial
effects, but that media literacy interventions by themselves are unsuccessful.
Though the scientific debate over whether media violence increases aggression
and violence is essentially over, several critical tasks remain. Meeting the
larger societal challenge of providing children and youth with a much healthier
media diet may prove to be more difficult and costly, especially if the
scientific, news, public policy, and entertainment communities fail to educate
the general public about the real risks of media-violence exposure to children
and youth.
Physical, Emotional and Psychological Abuses
Psychological problems of the youth are sometimes related
to abuses they are experienced. Most often the sexual abuses they have
encountered as teenager and sometimes as a youth affect their personality very
much negatively. Moody nature, inferiority complexes are sometimes the result
of sexual abuses encountered. Physical abuses also generate psychological
illness. Overwork at home, child labor, physical punishment by parents or
relative can affect the personality of a child when it grows as a youth. They
sometimes form an anti-social attitude due to these tortures. Emotional abuses
are mostly on girls. They could be wounded due to unnecessary words and
comments from the parents and relatives during their developmental stages.
Psychologically also they are abused because their psychological formation take
place in and through their developmental stages.
Conflict and Rejection in Significant
Relationships
Love failures and broken friendships are severe problems of
the youth. These breakings up of relationship of the beloved, sometimes, lead
them to suicidal tendencies and other physiological problems. Some of the youth
becomes moody and antisocial when they break with such relations. They lack
confidence in their friends and even to the close relatives. Rejection by the
lover or a close friend become unbearable and it at times leads to deep stress,
depression and inferiority complexes.
Situational Causes
The situation in which a youth develop his personality
strongly influences the behavior and psychological maturity of that person. It
seems that sometimes youth becomes mere victims of their situations. Political
persons or other significant personalities make use of the zeal and enthusiasm
of the youth. Having influenced by such known social criminals the youth
sometimes happens to commit some criminal act. And as a result of this, feeling
of remorse, hatred anger, and sometimes personality disorders may occur in the
life of a youth.
Cultural
Stress
Culture stress is a term used to refer to the loss of
confidence in the ways of understanding life and living that have been taught
within a particular culture. It comes about when the complexity of
relationships, knowledge, languages, social institutions, beliefs, values, and
ethical rules that bind a people and give them a collective sense of who they
are and where they belong is subjected to change. For indigenous people, such
things as loss of land and control over living conditions, suppression of
belief systems and spirituality, weakening of social and political
institutions, and racial discrimination have seriously damaged their confidence
and thus predisposed them to suicide, self-injury and other self-destructive
behaviors.
Lack of
Religious and/or Spiritual Connections
Modern youths are also affected by lack of spiritual
nourishment and religious background. Years before they were affected by the
religious rigidity and it sometimes created psychological problems in their
life. But today no religion so rigid to its practices but is now more open and
helpful to youth to build up their personality. But for the youth of today it
seems a fashion to go away from religion, God and religious people. It creates
a great deal of problem. The youth are not properly directed and they lack
genuine hope in their life due to the lack of faith in god. Actually this leads
them to the feeling of emptiness and loneliness and at times to the suicidal
tendencies (Velu, 2012).
Sociological
Challenges
Identity Crises
It has never been easy to explain what every youth goes through,
namely a very specific quest for identity for that leads all too often to a
crisis. Youth is like being cast out into the sea in a small boat and thus
easily to be tossed up and down by waves, if not at risk to overturn. How a
young person responds to these challenges that depends again on friends, social
environment and chances or opportunities given by society at that particular
period of time.
Famous is the call of Erik Erikson for mediation between
parents and youth when it comes to the need to take on identity. This is to
find a practical way to exist in society. It is directly linked to a kind of
existential design on how the youth thinks to exist in society. There are
different degrees of studies with regards to this. Hence the wish to become a
lawyer or doctor is easier to sell to the parents than studies of philosophy,
literature or psychology. Since this decision takes time and is sometimes
complicated by not being able to find out right away what one wants to do with
one's life, Erikson recommended to give the youth a moratorium: extra time to
think about what they would like to do in future with their lives. This
recommendation was made around the 1960'ties when he drew the attention to the
fact that the youth needs more time to decide. He was convinced after having
studied the young man Luther, that the youth should not be pressured into
making the decision early in their lives as to what it should be. They should
give due consideration to everything before making up their mind (kaur, 2013).
Lack of Self Confidence
At this stage of youth, as the scope of life enlarges, the
young person typically feels diminished in a number of ways. As the challenges
of growth become more complex, they feel relatively more uncertain. As they
spend more time away from family, they feel relatively less secure. As they
must deal with more unknowns, they feel relatively more ignorant. As they dare
more risky decisions and make more costly mistakes, they feel relatively less
experienced. As they must rely more on themselves and less on parents, they
feel relatively more anxious.
Reason for Having Lack of Self –confidence:
As a youth they are going through the most exciting but
most of the time they are nervous, anxious, and timid and shy because the
emotions are the same. But above all there is a lack of confidence in
themselves to do or try anything that is deferent. These are some of the
reasons for it:
Comparison
with Others
Elders constantly compare the youth with others youth on
the basis of career and competence. It
is high time we realize that such compression only discourage people. The next
time you are compared to someone else, remember that you may not excel in the
activities the other person has, rather it may demoralize the person.
Lack
of Appreciation
When you do something good, nobody remembers; but when you
make a mistake nobody forgets. We are well aware that there in nobody who can
say that he or she never made a mistakes in life. We commit mistakes due to our
weaknesses but it us do well with our strength and get satisfaction.
Lack
of encouragement
Most of the youth are reluctant to learn new skill because there
is no encouragement from parents and elders or there people. Son they continue
with the same activities or even give up some of their activities.
Jealousy
There are a lot of people who tell you that you cannot do
this and cannot do that because they are frankly jealous of your success. Due
to such negative comments, you feel disparaged and give up even before trying anything.
Criticism
Fear of criticism is a major reason for lack of self
–confidence. Apart from criticism due to failure or not coming up the mark,
there is a greater fear of being reprimanded in the presence of others (Mahta,
1971).
Some the Key Areas of Challenge for
Today’s Youth
Education
First and the
foremost concern of today’s youth in India is education. Indian youth demands
for better education, employment driven training and brighter future. Youth
also want that skill based education and job placement should be a part of
every higher institution. More emphasis should be laid down on career oriented
courses and there should be a connection with real life scenario rather than
just bookish. Youth from non-urban setting generally lacks good communication
skills. This is also one of the major concerns because it acts as an obstacle
on the way to get job and progress.
Unemployment
Youth unemployment in India is on rise. According to the
World Development Report 2013, 9% of males and 11% females aged between 15 to
24 years are unemployed. As per data of 2009-10, 9.7% of young men and 18.7% of
young women in India were unemployed. At global level, chances of youth being
unemployed is three times more than adults. Global financial crisis hit youth
first then adult. Also as per national sample survey office (NSSO) survey,
youth unemployment among illiterate is less as compared to educated youth.
Because illiterate youth is willing to do all sorts of work whereas educated
ones look for jobs in their respective field only. Young graduates suffer the
most as far as getting job is concerned.
Corruption
Today’s youth is concerned with the issue of corruption
more than anything else and that is why most of the protestors in the recent,
like Anna Hazare’s campaign against corruption were the Indian youth. The youth
of today will need to recognize that they shoulder a great responsibility.
They will need to fight for rooting out corruption, for ensuring that no
one is above the law and uniting the citizens of India as ‘India first’ instead
of communal or geographic factions. Though fighting against corruption is
the responsibility of every citizen but youth by virtue of their nature and
energy participate more in this cause. Corruption should be rooted out of
country. Youth in India must know what they want and how they want because good
and bad co-exist in the society. Today we relate everything related to success
in terms of money. But success is more than this. Youth must derive inspiration
from their role model and live life with proud.
Youth have to speak out from the very beginning of their
career and life that they won’t compromise and will adhere to ethical values.
Display honesty even if you are not questioned or watched. Show fairness and
transparency in whatsoever you do. This will bring change in you and your
surroundings.
Peer Pressure
Blame it on the way Indian societies are crafted or any
other possible factor, peer pressure is one of the biggest challenges faced by
youngsters. The generation gap has widened to an extent that the views of the
people of two generations repel each other.
The varying interest of the young adults and high
expectations of the parents and relatives mar the spirit of growth as a whole.
This acts as a check on the enthusiasm of young mind leading to waste of the
time and resource.
The elders need to understand that a little space and trust
shown in them will open the doors of the opportunities for the youngsters. At
the same time, children need to understand that parents care. There is no harm
in learning from their experiences and the wisdom.
Cost of Education
Young brigade aims to conquer the world and make India a
superpower. The only way to make it happen is the education. If we look at the
institutes today, privatization has increased the effective cost of education.
Costly higher education in the private institutes and lack of basic amenities
in the government or the government aided educational groups has proven to be a
big headache for our young people.
The government need to raise the standard of the education
and the provide all the resources for the basic learning. Apart from this, a
check must be kept on the private educational institutions in the financial
terms.
The positive changes to the political crisis and the
economic depression is that we have got the right people in the power now. The
situations are ought to improve! We are just required to give a little time to
let our government deliver the results of the steps that have been taken (Singhvi,
1972).
Problem
of Youth on Faith and Religion
From
the time immemorial man has pursued a solution to the meaning of life, the
beginning and the here and hereafter. The divine spark within, a flicker from
the Eternal Flame which kindles all life, creates as inner longing, ever
questing, searching for a direction, seeking a reunion with its source. This
spiritual quest was guided and molded from age to age by spiritual masters who
pointed the ‘way’. In this process certain moral codes, spiritual practices,
rites and rituals were formulated to bring about regeneration and reorientation
of one’s life. Such codes beliefs and practices could be referred to as one’s
religion.
Christian
faith has always presented some difficulty for those in the process of growing
up. In the past, however, the question generally posed by the teacher of the
young was how to find and make use of the right tools for getting the youngster
over this difficult period. This conception of the problem is no longer
tenable. A more radical and searching examination of the meaning of faith itself
is what is called for today. In this chapter I shall deal first with the
contemporary world's difficulties with faith; second, with some of the cause
why a present youth is facing faith crisis.
Faith crisis
It
would appear that the youth of today, living in a scientific and technological
age, are not prepared to accept the philosophic abstraction of faith and
religion as presented to them to date. They tend to rationalize everything that
comes within the purview of thought; hence what they are looking for is not a
philosophy of religion but a religion which is more rationally and practically
involved in society, with its associated problems of injustice, exploitation,
oppression and corruption. They search for a religion which is humane and at
the time human too.
As
the Church has always taught, one can become human only by becoming more than human. The
adolescent in particular has this difficulty: he is in search of humanity and trying to find
his own identity as a man. He could use a
helping hand rather than a lot of people telling him what to believe and do. He cannot believe
in God because he does not believe in
anyone, least of all himself. Or, rather, if we take into account all the levels of belief,
there is in the adolescent
a tenacious grasp upon God and upon his own experience, but he is so confused in his head
that he cannot be fully aware of his belief (Moran, 2012).
Causes
of Crisis of Faith
In
the present time we must find out causes of the crisis of faith. Why has the abandoning of one’s faith the
religious indifference crept among the multi- religious youth? The cause may be
diverse: lack of an integral school education, lack of religio- moral education
in school, family background, deficiency in youth organization by the local
churches, socio-cultural economic- religio-moral problems, and lack of openness
towards inter-religiosity, lack of courage on the part of the education system.
Impact
of the wrong notion of religion
Today's adolescent finds himself in a
world in which there is a "climate or crisis" about faith. It is
stylish to be selective in belief, to rely on one's own gifts, to demand
freedom, to disdain institution and established order. Even the practical
instances of clash between institution and freedom today are neatly emphasized
to increase the problems of the adolescent. Faith, then, is only one dimension
of the adolescent crisis. The identity crisis and the authority crisis, both
characteristic of adolescence, and of our age, also complicate the problem. We
have a syndrome of critical factors here, the faith crisis being only one of
them.
Religion Justifies Religious Extremism
While
this often repeated claim seems logical at first glance, upon examination it is
nothing more than another simplistic idea that provides a feel good rallying
cry for those who want to denounce religion in its whole. In the world today it
seems religion is responsible for the religious conflict and religious tolerance–born of the notion that
every human being should be free to believe whatever he wants about God–is one
of the principal forces driving us toward the abyss. The teachings of
‘moderate’ religion, though not extremist in themselves, are an open invitation
to extremism. The problem with this line of thinking is that it leads to some
unwanted logical conclusions when applied equally to other ideas. It is
hypocritical to selectively apply the principle where it suits one’s needs but
not elsewhere.
Religion Requires a Belief in a Supernatural
God
To
be religious is to be a god fearing person, seems to be a difficult myth for
some youth. Many seem content with this intellectually inaccurate definition of
religion. Others simply describe God as the natural order, the healing and
renewing power of existence or the creative principle in life. That’s why
anti-religious atheists are so reluctant to accept the fact that being
religious doesn’t mean belief in the supernatural. The simplistic and
convenient myth they’ve constructed would be shattered.
Religion
Causes Bad Behavior
A
common way for youth to denounce religion is to simply list all of the horrors
that have been done in the name of religion and then say, “Look how awful
religion is!” Religion becomes synonymous with all of the bad things done by
religious people. But is religion the cause of bad behavior or simply a
explanatory factor?
This
point is very important because it focuses the attention on the real source of
bad behavior which is human nature, not religion. Understanding this is
important when defending against attempts to dismiss religion because of the
bad things done in its name. Certainly, religion plays a role in conflicts but
it is just one factor among many such as ideological, political and
sociological ones. If religion were the cause of bad behavior getting rid of it
would simply make all divisiveness and conflict disappear. But of course this
would not be the case. And, if religion were to be eliminated other forms of
associations with the same group dynamics and dangers would arise. Religion is
like a knife which can be used by a surgeon to save lives or as a dagger to
kill someone.
All Religions are the Same and are “Equally
Crazy”
Many
youth today do not understanding the differences between religions. They are
willing to treat these differences differently. They think all Religions are
the same and are Equally Crazy. The
beliefs and practices are deferent, but then they think that other religions
aren’t any better. They feel religions are out of touch with reality. All
religions are implausible, based on cognitive biases. All of them ultimately
rely on faith. All of them twist, ignore, or deny reality in order to maintain their
attachment to their faith (Scofield, 2015).
Development
of Scientific Technology and Religion
Today
when we think of modern world, what comes to mind is the future of religion in
these technological times. The number of western countries we see the religious affiliation continues to decline,
less and less number of people make an
appearance at a Synagogue, Church or any house of worship for that matter.
From the calculator to the computer, from mobile devices and
the Internet, advances in technology are creating monumental changes in our
lives and in turn the way religion is practiced. The universal acceptance
of mobile devices, like the iPhone and iPad, is provoking a profound social
change. The dependence on these devices is eliminating the individuals need for
traditional religion and going to traditional houses of worship. The problem
is, without the traditional religious brick and mortar upbringing, the youth of
today forgo a key element of the religious experience. Religion was never just
about a supreme being, the social gathering and interaction of those with
similar beliefs and values is also a critical part of the experience. Religion
is losing the youth. It is very hard to thinking the young will embrace
religion without the real life experience which creates the feeling of being at
peace with oneself. The lack of formal religious upbringing has lost many of
the young and younger worshippers.
Technology may represent
the end of traditional religious worship, and the beginning of a new age of
worship, the form of which no one can reasonably predict or control. The bottom
line is if you look at technology and say how does this change people going to
house of worship? You miss the point, because religion is a much deeper set of
beliefs. The question is without new young followers, what does the future hold
for organized religions? (Yates, 2014).
CHAPTER
III
RESPONSE
TO OVERCOME THE CHALLENGES AND PROBLEMS
Youth is the stage in life where so much of changes take
place. When it is not responded well a youth undergoes so much of
psychological, social and emotional problems and challenges. In the first tow
chapter I have dealt who are youth and the basic problems challenges. In this
chapter I have responded to those problems which I have highlighted in the
second chapter.
The causes behind the problems of the youth must be remedied in
order to develop their personality and for their healthy growth. These are some
of the ways to respond the challenges:
Identifying
the Problem
Deciding what is a
significant problem in their adolescent’s functioning is a very difficult
diagnostic challenge for anyone during their child’s more concentrated, confused
teenage years. But how can one identify when a significant adolescent problem
has arrived? And when might outside help be useful to seek? Consider eight questions,
the honest answers to which might alert one to the need for outside
psychological or psychiatric help?
Abnormality of Behavior
Does it run counter to what you have known to be her or his
normal style of character or conduct? For example, the previously placid young
person has frequent outbursts of temper that have not often occurred before.
This short of strange behavior by a youth or an adult has to be taken seriously
and it need to find out why an individual person is behaving out of his normal
style of character which is not his normal behavior pattern. He needs a proper
guidance to overcome such problem to grow normal and healthy.
Duration of the Behavior
Has it been sustained for more than three months despite
efforts to address it at home? For example, the traditionally outgoing young person
has taken themselves out of the social loop with friends and become more
isolated.
Secretive Behavior of Adolescent
Has the young person been unable or unwilling to talk about
the change going on? For example, he/she insists he/she is okay or that nothing
is wrong despite troublesome conduct that suggests the contrary. If the young
person is not able to face the hormonal change at certain stage, which is quite
natural as a normal person and also not able to share or communicate the matter
he struggling. It has to be noticed and handled carefully.
Explanation of the Client’s Behavior
Is overall healthy functioning becoming impaired? For
example, sleeplessness at
night is causing lethargy and fatigue at school during the day. This will affect
the whole personality of the individual. And this is not a normal phenomenon of
a youth.
Apparent
Emotion Intensity of the Behavior
Is there is significant level of unhappiness that parents
observe on a regular basis? For example, is there apparent nervousness or anxiety in the
morning before reluctantly going to school? This is one the sign that the
person is undergoing some kind of emotional turmoil in his life. This has to be
taken in to consideration and it has to be dealt carefully. Otherwise this will
affect the whole behavior of the adult.
Frequency
of the Behavior
Is it preoccupying the young person’s attention to the
exclusion of, or at the expense of, other important areas of life concern? For
example, all that the young person can seem to think about is eating little
enough to stay thin enough to look okay.
Risk
Factor of the Behavior
Is it creating risks or actually encouraging outcomes of a
personally or socially harmful kind? For example, under some influence,
regulations are broken and rash decisions are being made.
Visibility
of the Persons Behavior
Have other people with a working
knowledge of the young person, perhaps a teacher or coach or activity director,
expressed concerns about a troubling change in the teenager to parents? For
example, at church the Youth Minister reports the young person has been acting
super sensitive to small slights from peers, sometimes to the point of tears (Peikhardt,
2013).
The adolescent profit from personal pain by gathering
self-knowledge, developing strategies for coping with life, and finding ways to
optimize personal functioning. Medication is no substitute for education he
must learn to understand and manage his situation with the psychological
support that one’s nature and life
experience has provided.
After having identified the nature of the problem one is
facing. These are some of approaches
towards the problems; it will help the person to face the challenges.
Proper Psychological Training
Today there are several psychological centers available at
our country. Youth shall be directed to such centers and must be trained well
so that they may get the basic psychological knowledge. There shall be
preliminary courses of psychology from school level itself. It is important and
worthwhile to treat a person from his early stages of development itself. For
that the parents and the teachers must be properly trained to educate their
children or students properly. Proper knowledge of human psychology and the
basic education into the science of psychology will be to a great extend a
remedy to the present day problems of the youth. It also serves as a preventive
measure (Himanshu. Challenges of youth today).
Counseling
and Guidance
Youth who are already affected psychological defects shall
be directed to counseling centers and properly guided. Personal care from the
part of parents and the close ones will help the youth to build up their
personality in a proper way.
For this education to take place, counseling or psychotherapy
can be useful. No parent wishes significant psychological difficulty for their
adolescent; however, should it arise, it does provide an opportunity to get to
know oneself more deeply and learn to govern oneself more wisely, strengthening
the young person for certain trials in the years ahead. As an investment in
self-education, counseling or psychotherapy can be helpful in ways that
medication alone cannot (Nelson , 2012)
Appropriate Personal Care of One’s Emotion
and Behavior
Appropriate parental care has very prominent role to play
in the healthy development of a child and later as youth or adult. For many
families there seems to be a “disconnect” between meeting a child’s needs and
strengthening the bonds of love, affection, care and support. Parents can
neglect their children for multiple reasons – loss of a job causing financial
strain, loss of public utilities, depression, parent inattention due to
involvement with a love interest, addiction to cell phones, or abuse of alcohol
and other substances. Neglect can leave a permanent
wound on a child’s self-esteem and well-being. Children that are left
alone, unsupervised, and don’t have regular one-on-one time with a parent
frequently have unmet emotional needs. They are not taught the importance of
values, morals, and respect for self and others. Spending quality time
with the children should be a priority. However, many children and teens
do not get this much-needed attention from parents. They are alone,
unsupervised, and left to their own defenses.
On the other hand, children that have actively involved
parents tend to have better self-esteem, make better decisions, are better able
to respond to the stress of day-to-day living, and are able to verbalize their
needs in a healthy manner.
Most of the cases it noticed that the children who are
emotionally neglected become angry and gloomy. Others become depressed, develop
unhealthy dating relationships, demonstrate poor academic performance, and may
show little respect for others or themselves. The same attitude continues as youth or as an
adult. So parents have the vital role to play in the healthy development as a
youth (Katherine, 2017).
Respecting the Individual Freedom
Respecting the freedom of the person is very important
factor in the development of personality of a youth. Most of the psychological
problems are caused by the parental control. Often parents do not like to see
their children as grown up people. They wanted their children as obedient as
they were before. This creates conflict in the family. Father and mother no
more a hero at their life. They slowly go after other heroes and heroines; this
in turn widens the gap between parent and the son/daughter. Therefore it is
better that the parents respect the freedom of their son/daughter and be a good
friend to them. It will influence their personality very well and they will
grow positively. Parental control sometimes can happen from the part of
teachers, relatives and religious leaders this also will harm the personality
of a youth. Respecting the dignity and freedom of the youth is therefore
inevitable. (Unknown, Author. Psychological
problem among youth)
Developing Good Personal Relationship
Most of the psychological problems of the youth can be
overcome by developing good personal relationship. Sharing the sorrows and
stress with the friends would be an easy means to overcome anxiety and
distress. Spending time in solitude and lonely will create more grief and
remorse within the mind. Problem of mediocracy also could be avoided because of
good and healthy relationship. Friends can be of any type; but it is advisable
to have a mature person who has more experience of the world than that of the
youth rather than selecting only from the peer groups. (Unknown, Author. Why personal relationships are important)
After having responded to some of the problems in general,
now I would like deal these three problems in particular. Those are loneliness,
stress and faith crisis which are very common among the present day youth. This
will also be helpful for them to face some of the other challenges they face as
a youth.
Means
to Overcome Loneliness
The Will to Win
Nothing can be achieved unless there is willingness on your
part. Along with your willingness you need discipline, patience and
perseverance. There are no short cuts.
Reprogram your mind
You are what you think you are. Lock the door of your mind
to negative thoughts, battle with your weaknesses and recall all the good
things that happen to you. This will give positive outlook of oneself and that
will give positive energy to overcome loneliness.
Creative Use of Solitude
If you are alone at any time, you need not be lonely.
Establish your goals and plan for your future. Use that time creatively to work
out on your plan. When you plan your work, you can work your plan. There the
solitude becomes a proper mean for achieving the planed goal. At the same time
it will help you to face the problem of loneliness.
Choose Your Right Companions
We often blame people and circumstances for our loneliness
and failures. The fact could be that we do not have the right companions. We
need friends who would encourage us and whom we can encourage at all times.
Friends are one of good means whom one can share freely the difficulties one is
facing. It will help you to overcome the feeling of loneliness in life.
Goals Setting
What do you want to become later in life? Begin preparing
from now on. Be alert and sensitive to the various opportunities; have patience
and perseverance. Once you have set the goal, it will keep you busy and then
you have enough things to do to keep you busy and this will reduce your feeling
loneliness ( John 2016).
Stress Management
Everywhere
people are seeking answers to problems that are corroding them from the inside.
A few suggestions for coping with stress:
Maintaining Regular Habits
Once
regular habits also play an important role to make once life better specially
to make once life systematic and once life becomes so orderly there is less
opportunity for a kind of stress situation So Make sure that you eat all your
meals regularly. You may eat less but avoid skipping meals unless you are
fasting for religious or hygienic reason. Do not sleep to long or cut out on
sleep. Make sure you get about six to seven hours of sleep every day. This will
enable you to rest relax and recharge your internal system on a daily basis.
This way regulating your time table will make you disciplined person and it
will make you well organized person.
Developing Proper Communication
Youth
undergo a lot of emotional stress daily, much of which is negative and
frustrating. We would like to talk about it to somebody, but to whom? Where are
the people that we can trust to keep our feeling confidential? Keeping our
emotions to ourselves is like filling gas continuously in a bottle. One day it
will explode, similarly, when human beings explode, it’s called nervous
breakdown. Gain the confidence of your family members and a close friend, they
will surely understand your feeling and you will feel much better. This will help you to relax because you are
able to share your feeling with others.
Mending of Relationships
It
is indeed very easy to make enemies. Either others hurt us or we hurt others
unintentionally. The result is the same – strained or broken
relationships. A breakdown in
relationships leads to a breakdown in our communication with others. Deep in
our heart we do not like such a situation, but we hesitate to make a start and
wait for the other person. Making a start to mend relationships requires a lot
of courage as well as humility. But when we decide to take the first step and
make good our relationships with others, we become free of hatred, bitterness
and jealousy. It will bring you peace and joy that is difficult to explain but
is best experienced.
Maintaing Personal Discipline
One of our main reasons why elders are annoyed with youth
is because they lack discipline which leads to lack of responsibility. When we
are disciplined we learn to value our time and that of others: we get into the
habit of keeping our things in the proper place, doing our daily routine at the
proper time and attending to functions and appointments on time. When we are
able to manage our time, we able to manage our lives; otherwise we are wasting
our lives. Any successful person will confidently tell you that one of the best
ways of achieving success is maintaining personal discipline ( John, 2016).
Third main problem is faith crisis. Here I have given some
of the ways to deal with faith crisis which will be helpful to respond to the
problem of faith cerise.
The problem of youth seems to be the
problem of all human development: becoming a person more and more through each
experience of life, in our relationships with each individual we meet. A person
develops in his humanness by experiencing himself with some elements of
stability, as over against other elements of his experience that he grasps for
only a time. This is precisely how each person learns his own identity while
living in a changing world.
The problem of faith is this, will any individual person
accept Christianity as a stable element in his life, or will he see it as
something to be grasped for a while and then discarded? In other words, will
the youth’s faith become part of his identity or not? The answer will be given
in the field of personal relations, in the family and in the persons whom the
individual lets influence him as a person. Sociologically, faith must be a
value in his "primary group." If he encounters faith as a value that
is only academic, or only relative to the institutional aspects of
Christianity, then faith will be disposable, "secondary," and
unstable in his life. It is expected that each adolescent to some extent or
another, by the very fact of his adolescence—even if he has grown up in a
milieu in which faith is a value—will undergo a crisis of faith, a time of
confusion in which his values will mature and possibly change ( Moran, 2012)
Religious Atmosphere in
the Family
Each of these crises seems to be soluble only in the
context of personal relations. The family solves the issue. Faith is a matter
of tradition; the adolescent must receive it from a loving adult, and
communicate it in love to younger brothers and sisters. So it is with the
identity he can receive and give, and the authority he must both accept and
exercise. In love, these things work themselves out. Without love, they are
resolved only by substituting persons with whom love is possible. Faith must be
made close and familial, rather than academic and institutional. Faith, even as
communicated academically must respect this. It must spring out of love, demand
commitment, and reach the adolescent closely. No mere techniques can accomplish
this, but only a loving teacher—student relationship that reflects the total
Christ— person relation (Moran, 2012).
Proper Faith Education
The crisis of faith in youth, basically in the problem of
the child-centered parish. The point is that the majority of our resources are
used for the benefit of children in the parishes and yet the desired effect is
not achieved. Because of this concentration on the children the adults in the
parish, especially the parents, do not receive a continuing Christian education
and formation. This is to the detriment of both parents and children since the
parents are the primary communicators of values including that of faith as
regards their children. (Nelson, 1012)
Religious Backup and Care
Support from a religion is inevitable in
the psychological development of a person. No man can stand alone. Support and
backup from a religious community will -no doubt- creates a feeling of
confidence and trust in a person. Faith in god also adds to the hope of a
person. Religious leaders have got a great role in leading and guiding the
youth. In our context the Catholic Priest does have the special duty and
obligation to serve the youth of their parish. They are in need and are in
search of heroes; and the priest can become their hero if he wills (Velu,
2012).
So,
in this chapter I have responded the problems of the youth, in general six ways
and in particular three ways to face the challenges. Observing these mean one can
overcome their difficulties. I hope it will help the youth, who are facing
psychological, social, emotional other
challenges in this modern time. As it is mentioned in this chapter,
parents, friends, elders counselors, guides have the prominent role to play in
guiding and directing the youth when they are need of help as they face the
challenges. This will make them to grow more mature way in their life and to
become great asset for the society and the nation. As it is said today’s youth
are tomorrows’ leaders.
CONCLUSION
Youth
and the youth ministry is a much discussed theme today. Youth of today are the
hope of the society as a whole. With all their capabilities the youth have got
several psychological problems which are natural since they are social beings
and therefore essentially relational beings. The society as a whole has got an
obligation to help the youth in their psychological needs.
My purpose of doing this paper is, I see many
youth of today are facing this problem as they come to this stage of life. They
are well educated, they are having good intellect but when I see them in terms
of emotion and psychological maturity I feel they are yet to grow. In this
situation they need help and support, so to help them I have tried to study the
matter and I have presented some of the problems and the challenges which are
commonly found among the youth of today and also I have focused on some of the
causes why they are facing these problems. After studying the matter I found
today Youth are to be well educated in psychological disciplines and the
parents also should be aware of the psychological stages that a child passes
through. Proper guidance and training shall be given for the youth from the
part of parents and teachers in their journey of development to youth hood.
Freedom of the youth should be respected by the parents and teachers. A proper
religious background and a deep sense of the sacred will also guide youth to
mature personality.
I hope this paper will be a little contribution
to overcome the problems and to face the challenge they face in their life as a
youth. This will be also helpful to those who would like to help and guide the
youth to when they are in great need of help and support as they face the
challenges and the problems in their day today’s life as a youth.
REFERENCES
Aril,
James (1995). Be at Your Best: A guide to
excellence for modern youth .Bombay: Better Yourself books.
Baker,
Katherine (2017), Taking Care of Child’s Physical emotional Need. Retrieved
from https://www.courierpress.com/story/life/family/youth-first/2017/10/24/youth-first-taking
care-childs-physical-emotional-needs-essential/773905001/
Carl E. Peikhardt,
Surviving Adolescence. Retrieved from https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/surviving-your-childs
adolescence/201306/adolescence-and-self-confidence
Francais.
What do we mean by youth? Retrieved
from http://www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/youth/youth-definition/
Frellick,
I. Francis (1962). Helping Youth in
Conflict. First publishes in the successful pastoral counseling series.
Edited by Russell L. Dicks. Printed at fortress press.
Himanshu. Challenges of youth today. Retrieved from http://www.indianyouth.net/challenges-of
youth-today.
John, Rego
Atul(2016). How to develop a pleasant
personality. Bombay , saint Paul Society.
kaur, Ramandeep
(2013), Problems Faced by youth in India. Retrieved from
https://www.mapsofindia.com/my-india/india/problems-faced-by-youth-in-india
Kumria,
R.R. (1997). Calling Youth: A Book of good Living for Young
People .New Delhi:
Mahta, Prayag (1971).
The Indian youth Emerging Problems and
issues. Delhi Psychology Association.
McDowell,
John (1984). The Disconnected Generation: Saving our Youth From Self Destruction.
Nashville: Word publication.
Milson, Fred (1972). Youth in a changing society. London:
Rulledge and Kegan paul.
Nelson (2012). Psychological Problem of the youth. Retrieved from https://nelsonmcbs.wordpress.com/2012/06/23/psychological-problems-of-the-youth/
Patri,
Vasantha (2001). Counseling
Psychology. New Delhi: Authors press.
Sagar,
Ahluwalia (1972). Youth in Revolt .
New Delhi: young asia publication.
Scofield Be
Tikkum(2015) 5 things atheists have wrong about religion. Reteieved from https://www.altemet.org/belief/5-things-atheists-have
wrong-about-religion
Simhadri,
Yedla C. (1989). (Ed.), Youth in the Contemporary World. Delhi:
Mittal Publications.
Singhvi,
L.M. (1972). Youth Unrest, Conflict of
Generation. New Delhi: Published under the auspices of the institute of
constitutional and parliamentary studies.
Suhail,
Shaizad–Ashwinee Bapat(1996) Development Psychology. Mumbai:
Himalaya Publishing House.
Unknown
Author. (2016), Youth Support Practice Guide. Retrieved from https://www.communities.qld.gov.au/resources/communityservices/youth/youth-support-practice-guide.pdf
unknown,
author (2007). Jharkhand Youth Policy. Retrieved from http://documents.gov.in/JH/11021.pdf
Unknown, author. Definition of youth. Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/youth/fact-sheets/youth-definition.pdf
Unknown,
Author. Psychological Problem Among
Youth. Retrieved form http://creative.sulekha.com/psychological-problems-among-youth_226202_blog
Unknown,
Author. Why Personal Relationships are Important. Retrieved from
https://www.takingcharge.csh.umn.edu/why-personal-relationships-are-important
Velu,
varuan (2012). Challenges faced by youth
of contemporary India; Psychological dimension. Retrieved from http:www.academia.edu/9594823/challenges_faced_By_youth_of_comntempary_India_Psychological_dimension
Yates, Parker (2014)
Technology’s Effect on Religion. Retrieved from https://devops.com/technology-killing-religion-just-know/
Moran, G (2012) Crisis of Faith and youth.
Retrieved from https://ejournals.bc.edu/ojs/index.php/ctsa/article/download/2611/2247
Comments
Post a Comment